High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev. 2026 Mar 18. doi: 10.1007/s40292-026-00784-7. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Patients with difficult to control hypertension (HTN) are often referred by general practitioners to specialized centers to estimate global cardiovascular (CV) risk profile, evaluate hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD), and optimize antihypertensive therapy. This referral provides a unique opportunity to analyse patients with high CV risk and HTN in a real-world setting, characterized by the rigorous adoption of uniform and state-of-the-art procedures by expert personnel.
AIM: To examine (1) global CV risk profile, office and out-of-office blood pressure (BP) levels, and markers of HMOD in adult patients referred to a high-volume European Hypertension center; (2) to evaluate how these clinical parameters impact on the choice of different antihypertensive therapies.
METHODS: An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted in adult patients of both sexes, aged ≥ 18 years, with essential treated hypertension, who were consecutively evaluated at the Excellence Hypertension Center at Sant'Andrea Hospital in Rome, Italy. Office and out-of-office BP levels were measured, and different hypertension phenotypes were set according to European guidelines. CV risk profile was estimated according using SCORE2. Only patients with treated HTN were selected for the analysis and stratified according to antihypertensive therapies: (1) angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs); (2) angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors; (3) other drugs (including diuretics, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, alpha-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists).
RESULTS: From an overall database of 11,168 outpatients, a total of 5,677 patients with treated HTN were analysed (46.3% females, age 63.6 ± 13.1 years, BMI 27.4 ± 4.8 kg/m2, office BP 140.6 ± 17.5/85.5 ± 11.5 mmHg, 24-hour BP 128.7 ± 13.7/77.2 ± 9.7 mmHg, SCORE2 5.4 ± 4.3%). Among these, 52.9% were treated with ARBs, 30.2% with ACE inhibitors and 17.0% with other drugs. Patients treated with ARBs were more frequently males, and significantly older, had more frequently obesity (P < 0.001), dyslipidaemia (p < 0.001), and diabetes (p < 0.001) than those treated with other drug classes. They also had more frequently CV comorbidities (P < 0.001) and resistant HTN (P < 0.001). They received more BP lowering agents (P < 0.001), being more frequently treated with triple (P < 0.001), quadruple (P < 0.001), or more complex (P < 0.001) combination therapies. Comparable office and out-of-office BP control were recorded between patients treated with ARBs and those patients managed with either ACE inhibitors or other drugs.
CONCLUSIONS: Among adult outpatients referred to an excellence hypertension center, the majority were treated with ARBs, alone or in combination therapies. ARB-treated patients presented more frequently CV risk factors, comorbidities, and difficult-to-treat HTN.
PMID:41849130 | DOI:10.1007/s40292-026-00784-7