From Initiation of Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy to Persistent Use in Heart Failure

Clinical guidelines recommend that patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) should be treated with 4 classes of medications: renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors. Guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) is associated with improved survival and reduction in hospitalizations for heart failure and incremental benefit is observed with use of all 4 classes of drugs.